3D printing is gradually overturning traditional production methods in many industrial sectors. Among the most innovative techniques is electron beam melting, better known as EBM. This process uses a high-energy electron beam to melt metal powders such as titanium or copper, layer by layer, to produce complex, robust parts. Thanks to the density and mechanical performance of the resulting parts, EBM is particularly popular in demanding sectors such as aerospace, medical and automotive. For a long time, this technology was developed and marketed by a single Swedish company: Arcam. Today, however, the market has expanded, and other manufacturers are offering solutions based on this principle. In this article, we present an overview of the different EBM 3D printers currently available, to give you a better understanding of what is out there.
Spectra H From Colibrium Additive
Colibrium Additive’s Spectra H is an industrial EBM 3D printer. Equipped with an extended print bed of 250 x 430 mm and the ability to produce parts at temperatures above 1,000 °C, this machine enables the production of high-integrity parts quickly and on a larger scale than previous versions. Furthermore, being able to work at high temperatures is ideal for processing materials prone to cracking. Additionally, moveable heat shields improve insulation, creating an optimal environment for quality parts production. Not to mention, the self-calibrated 6-kilowatt beam enables an attractive printing speed for large-scale production. Something that is particularly noteworthy is the Point Melt technology available on Colibrium Additive’s Spectra EBM printers — a process in which metal powder is melted through small “dots” rather than lines, as is commonly done. This technology enables more precise temperature control, reducing thermal gradients, the need for sintering, and providing a better surface finish.
Interior of Colibrium Additive’s Spectra H machine (photo credits: Colibrium Additive)
The Calibur3 From Wayland Additive Goes Beyond Conventional Electron Beam AM
UK-based Wayland Additive, founded in 2015 by a team with a semiconductor engineering background with significant electron beam manufacturing expertise, seeks to go beyond both laser-based and electron-beam additive manufacturing. How? Its innovative NeuBeam® technology is, according to Wayland Additive, able to overcome the stability issues of traditional electron beam systems thanks to the charge neutralization step which involves the flooding of positively charged ions to neutralize negative charge in the bed. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the pre-sintering of the powder bed and results in better properties, faster build times and reduce post-processing. This technology is commercially available in the Calibur3 3D printer. The metal AM solution boasts an open system, allowing for the development of new processing parameters, and is also material agnostic. Thanks to a relatively large build volume of 300 x 300 x 450 mm, it is also possible to print either large single piece prints or print more parts per run.
The Calibur3 3D printer (left) and the NeuBeam® process (right)(photo credits: Wayland Additive)
The Freemelt® ONE 3D Printer
Freemelt is a Swedish company founded in 2017 by engineers from Arcam, a forerunner of EBM technology for additive manufacturing. The Freemelt® ONE is one of their three EBM printers, and is designed specifically for research. The printer has an external housing-less design, so access to the vacuum chamber is complete and integration of third-party equipment becomes easier. Its electron beam is 6 kW and maintains beam quality throughout the power range. This allows the solution to reach temperatures above 1200 °C and enables working with advanced materials. Its vacuum chamber is 70 liters and has a feeding system that can work with small amounts of powder, perform quick material changes and reduce pumping and cooling times. As for its software, called Field Construct, it has been optimized to control the electron beam with high precision using magnetic fields without relying on complex hardware and to achieve fast and accurate movements.
The Freemelt® ONE is an EBM printer without external casing and is ideal for laboratories and research centers (photo credits: Freemelt).
T200 From Xian Sailong Metal
The T200 3D printer, developed by Xian Sailong Metal, has been designed for advanced manufacturing of complex metal parts, especially for the medical and aerospace sectors. It is based on SEBM (Selective Electron Beam Melting) technology and features a high-precision electron beam with a power of 6 kW, capable of preheating the powder base up to 1100°C. With a maximum manufacturing volume of 200 × 200 × 450 mm, this solution enables the efficient production of large components such as orthopedic implants and titanium-aluminum turbines. Furthermore, thanks to its beam diameter of less than 100 μm, the T200 offers high precision and continuity in production. It operates in a controlled vacuum environment, ensuring purer parts and less need for post-treatment. In addition, its powder feed system optimizes process stability and reduces dependence on material flowability.
Photo Credits: Xian Sailong Metal
JEOL’s JAM-5200EBM 3D Printer
The 3D printer, weighing in at 4,900 kg, uses an electron beam with a maximum power of 6 kW. Its cathode, which has a service life of around 1,500 hours, minimizes the production downtime required for replacement. The system automatically adjusts the axis and shape of the beam according to the irradiation position. Unlike other technologies, no helium gas is required to contain the powder, enabling production in a clean, low-cost environment, while preserving the cathode surface and ensuring beam stability. The printer also incorporates a remote monitoring system, enabling the simultaneous production of several parts in a single print run. Cutting is virtually unnecessary, reducing material waste, and metal powder can be reused, optimizing resources and production costs.
Photo Credits: JEOL
PM EBM 30S
The German-based 3D printer manufacturer pro-beam additive shines with its model of the PM EBM 30S. It measures 6.4 x 3.5 x 3.3 m with a maximum beam power of 150 kV. This highly efficient EBM printer allows you to produce multiple components in the shortest possible time. Thanks to process parallelization, pro-beam has succeeded in further optimizing the productivity of its printer. For example, non-productive times are eliminated and the printing process is automated and digitally controllable – regular quality checks are therefore possible at any time. The production of small and delicate components is particularly noteworthy here. Conventional alloys can be used for EBM printing as well as difficult-to-weld metals. According to the manufacturer, the PM EBM 30S can be used in a wide range of applications, including aerospace, the automotive industry, medical technology, toolmaking and research and development. Fast and precise – the PM EBM 30S from pro-beam additive!
Photo Credits: pro-beam additive
Qbeam S200 EBM 3D Printer From Qbeam
The next printer is from one of the new players in electron beam additive manufacturing, the Chinese company Qbeam. The Qbeam S200 is a printer powered by the company’s patented EBSM® (Electron Beam Selective Melting) technology, which follows the same principle as other EBM machines. What makes it different? For one thing, the Qbeam S2 has an in-house developed EG3.1 electron gun, which achieves high scanning speeds and a fine beam spot of 140 μm. Additionally, the powder bed temperature can be controlled and can reach up to 1100 °C, so the parts to be printed will have lower internal stresses. It also features automatic calibration in less than 300 minutes and an online monitoring system that controls the quality of the process layer by layer. Not to mention, its intelligent powder feeding and recycling system ensures 98% utilization, significantly reducing operating costs. The company recommends the use of this printer for medical, aerospace and automotive applications.
Photo Credits: Qbeam
EZ300
The EBM EZ300 3D printer has been developed by TADA, a subsidiary of the Japanese Mitsubishi Group. Not much information has been shared by the manufacturer about the technical characteristics of this industrial machine. It is said to offer a speed of 250cc/hour, making it one of the fastest solutions in the industry. The company has designed its own rod-shaped cathode, enabling a heating time of 1,000 hours. This enables users to boost productivity and imagine long-term projects. The EZ300 printer is compatible with steel powder.
Photo Credits: TADA
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